The Courage of Collaboration

This week, my friend Elliott Masie has written a guest blog.

We share    a fascination for the amazing power and complexity of collaboration and its importance in all of our endeavors.   Unfortunately, it is surprisingly difficult to implement in a way that produces great results and most folks don’t get it right.   Some of the best collaborations don’t look very good from the outside, and some that do look great, are “pseudo-collaborations”, designed for show, but hollow on the inside.  Elliott discusses some of these challenges and how to address them along with some insightful examples of innovative collaborations.

Thanks Elliot!

John Abele

 

Guest blog by Learning guru, Elliott Masie

  • Collaboration takes courage.
  • Collaboration can be risky – as we move from the security of our “headquarters tribe” – shedding some of our tribal identity.
  • Collaboration isn’t easy, natural or often rewarded by others.
  • Collaboration requires leaders to publically be learners – curious and open to gaining knowledge from outside their circles.

Yet, authentic collaboration is a powerful tool for leaders to stay aligned with rapidly changing marketplaces, sciences and complex missions.  Real collaboration with a diverse set of individuals and groups can deeply change both leaders and their organizations.

Over the past five years, we have been working with the 240 global corporations and government agencies in our Learning CONSORTIUM to track the changing nature of collaboration – and to study the impact of social tools/techniques on learning and leadership.

Leaders in settings as diverse as the United States Intelligence Community, technology corporations such as Google and Intel; and fields from medical to retailing – are reaching outside of their organizational walls – to collaborate with competitors, customers and unusual points of perspective.

Why?  The single motivator that these leaders from very different organizations recognize is their absolute need to be hyper-agile, continually learning and active players in knowledge/innovation networks that  are wired across corporate or agency boundaries.

Here are two very different examples about collaboration from our members:

Tablet computers, such as the iPad have posed an interesting challenge to senior corporate IT and Learning leaders of major corporations.  Once the iPad was released, employees at every level – including members of the C-Suite, showed up at work, intrigued and excited to use the new tablets as part of their everyday work process.

The problem was that Apple did not launch the iPad with a deep focus on Enterprise Computing.  And, most IT Directors were caught between their own personal interest and fascination with the new devices and a decision to keep them separate from corporate networks for a while.  Hmmm.  So, what is an IT Leader or CIO to do.

We tracked the rise of a number of unofficial Tablet Communities of Learning that sprung up outside of the enterprise – allowing senior leaders to plan, experiment and learn about what the iPad might do – without deploying them officially at first.  These IT Leaders found that they could gain better perspectives about the future of tablet computers from their colleagues in competitive organizations than they could directly from Apple.  And, they could take risks in the exploration without raising internal expectations prematurely.

These collaborations grew amongst colleagues that had grown rich and trust based external networks beyond their corporate boundaries.  And, these “communities” were not sponsored by vendors, facilitated by experts or focused on a product – rather they were just in time collaboration points needed by these leaders facing a disruptive technology.

Another great example that is ripped from the headlines is the recent “take down” of  Osama Bin Laden by the U.S. Government.  The task was not accomplished by the CIA, Department of Defense or any other single government agency.  In fact, it was the result of a multi-year intense effort that required leaders and teams to build collaborative trust, skills and behaviors that were new and essential to the mission:

  • Leaders took risks by working on joint efforts that were less about the color of their uniform, name of their agency or career ladder advancement.
  • Leaders needed to build common language, taxonomies and learning processes, to be able to collaborate from very different professional identities.
  • Leaders had to organize common collaborative tools, technologies and habits to be able to support each other as continuous, curious and evidence based learners.
  • Leaders embedded a “lessons learned” capacity into their collaboration, aware that they were moving into uncharted territory and wanting to study the impact of their own collaborative process.
  • Even in the celebration of the “take-down” there was a sense of shared and joint ownership during the process.  Many of the team members reported their own sense of collaborative process evolved dramatically through the mission.

As we look toward the growth of future leaders, it will be critical for business schools and leadership development programs to recognize the powerful role of collaboration.  Leaders will need very specific support to build, nuture and leverage collaboration as part of the strategic mission of our organizations:

  • Explicit Permissions to Collaborate:  We want to deeply permission leaders to join, lead, organize and utilize external collaborations – as an active and trusted part of their leadership roles.
  • Exemplars of Great Collaboration:  Often, a great idea was harvested from an external collaboration – but the stories about the success do not track back to the “wisdom of the crowds” moment.  Just as the Intelligence Agencies are using lessons learned models, we need to highlight and celebrate collaboration successes.
  • Some Will Fail:  Collaboration is also about failure.  Sometimes the external solutions don’t work and sometimes our ability to leverage collaboration is not yet ripe.  Prepare for a mixture of success and failure.  And, then fail forward!
  • Social is Not Collaboration:  We are not talking about having a Twitter Account, building a Facebook Page or bragging about the number of LinkedIn “Friends” you have.  This is not about social networking.  Rather it is about collaborative networking – where there are explicit understandings of knowledge, learning, innovation and best/worst practice sharing.  Some of our most “Social Media” leaders are lousy collaborators.  Let’s make sure we differentiate between the 2 phenomena.
  • Open Technologies:  Increased collaboration will create the need to have very agile and open technologies that allow a leader to participate in a range of communities and projects without visiting dozens of sites.  We need to build open models that will efficiently support collaboration.

Finally, let’s end where we started.  Collaboration takes courage!  Yet, as we go forward into the future – the lack of collaboration will be seen as stubbornness and stupidity.  I’ll vote for courage!

Elliott Masie is the Chair of The Learning CONSORTIUM and the CEO of The MASIE Center.  His website is http://www.masie.com

 

 

Designing Collaborations

There are several key components that when combined in the proper measure can result in successful collaborations.  Creating the framework for the collaboration is one such factor.

Harnessing the creativity of a group requires not only the usual considerations of timing, data requirements, and the resources needed but also careful ‘engineering’ of behaviors and mindset.  This apparent contradiction of soft skills with the recognized hard skill association of engineering allows you to consider the process of organizing behavior in order to maximize creative mindset and minimize those that destroy collaboration.

Soft stuff is the glue that holds the hard stuff together. Knowing who should contribute to the collaboration and their necessary skill sets in addition to being prepared to mitigate negative behavioral tendencies (Divas, Pontificators and the like) are important considerations on an individual level.  For example, when a particular personality needs ‘management’, the ideal approach is 3 pronged:

1. Arrange a pre-meeting one on one with the individual and warn them that they may encounter topics or opinions that could cause an emotional/negative reaction.

2. Recognize their abilities/skills etc. and let them know their inputs are valuable to the group achieving their goal.

3. Find a solution that works for the individual and the needs of the group to prevent potentially destructive situations.

Let us say for example you have a member of your group that given his level of expertise and experience believes he/she should not be limited to the one time 10 minute speaking limit that has been set for meeting participants.  The result of the 3 pronged approach above could potentially be to offer this participant several opportunities to speak but with say a limit of 5 minutes per.  This approach respects the time of the rest of the group and minimally disrupts the flow but satisfies the participants need to comment often.  You can’t change the person but you can change the rules!

When considering the collective; dynamics, politics, pre conceived notions and potential conflicts should all be evaluated and prepared for in advance in order to ensure every participant is contributing at 100% capacity and not hindered by behavioral issues.

That isn’t to say of course that as a ‘collaboration designer’ you can’t have a little fun.  At least one organization I know of employs water guns in their creative sessions.  If a member of the group is perceived by others to be pontificating, squirt!  If a participant is negative about an idea without first asking questions, squirt!  Condescending, squirt!  Hogging the floor, squirt!  You get the idea.

The Collaboration Paradox: Understanding the Magic of Getting Things Done – Webinar!

One of the mainstays of successful collaboration is engineering interactivity and purposeful communication between the members.  Advances in technology have provided the tools to make this easier and accessible but it is still up to the organizer(s) to create the right conditions for collaboration to work.

Take advantage of the opportunity to learn about what makes a successful collaboration (and not so successful) via one of the very technology tools that make it possible by joining the Pegasus Communications Webinar “The Collaboration Paradox: Understanding the Magic of Getting Things Done” with me, John Abele on January 11, 2011.

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The Collaboration Paradox:
Understanding the Magic of Getting Things Done

with John Abele

A 90-minute live webinar andjohnabele interactive discussion
Tuesday, January 11, 2011, 2-3:30 pm ET
Register for this live webinar

Description
The need for more truly powerful collaborations, where the collective intelligence of a diverse set of minds is harnessed toward a common goal, is greater than ever. And yet we find collaboration vexingly difficult to do. In this webinar,John Abele, renowned co-founder of Boston Scientific, will examine the many different types of collaboration along with the barriers to making them effective. He’ll describe new tactics and approaches that may seem counterintuitive, but that will help unleash the wisdom of a crowd far better than more obvious approaches. John will share learnings from his extensive experiences in business, medicine, education, science, and philanthropy.

In this webinar, you will::

  • Learn from extraordinary successes and spectacular failures
  • Take away tips for overcoming the challenges that stand in the way of effective collaboration
  • Discuss how to foster rational discussion by understanding root causes, analyzing issues and options, and weighing trade offs—together
  • Understand how best to collaborate around implementing solutions
  • Receive a copy of the “Kingbridge Meeting Design Guidelines,” from the Kingbridge Centre and Institute

Pricing
This 90-minute interactive session is $129.00 per site (a single phone line). You can use a speakerphone so that a group of people can participate. You will also have unlimited access to the recorded version following the event.

Date and Time
The live webinar is being held on Tuesday, January 11, 2011, from 2 to 3:30 pm ET. When you register, you will receive detailed information about how to call in and participate.

Presenter
John Abele is the retired founding chairman of Boston Scientific Corporation (www.bsci.com) and one of the pioneers of less invasive medicine. He holds numerous patents, and has published and lectured extensively on the technical, social, economic, and political trends and issues affecting healthcare and on strategies for improving collaboration between individuals, businesses, and organizations. John’s major interests are science literacy for children, education, and disruptive technological innovation. He is currently vice chair (former chair) of the FIRST Foundation, which works with high school kids to make science literacy cool and fun, and owner of The Kingbridge Centre and Institute, a conference center that is devoted to perfecting the “Art of Conferencing” and hosting exceptional meetings.

Register for this live webinar!

Collaborative Leadership

Recently, Margaret (Meg) Wheatley wrote an insightful article called “Leadership in the Age of Complexity: from Hero to Host”. Resurgence Magazine, Winter 2011.

In it she describes the wonderfully classic paradox that in order to gain control, you must cede control.

That concept raises the issue of exactly what “control” is.  Suffice it to say that it refers to having a goal and achieving it….with others and not needing to take credit for the result.  Although, ironically, if you do master that skill, others will begin to connect the fact that when you are around they do better.

She points out that most cultures make assumptions about leaders that are taken for granted:  that they have all the answers, that the followers will follow, and that more control produces better results — particularly for big risky projects.  That’s why CEOs, Managing Director’s, etc. “get the big bucks.”

But complex problems require integrating many different types of skills and creating an environment where the collective intelligence of a diverse set of minds (age, experience, knowledge, culture, geography), are harnessed to solve these problems.  They identify the problems, analyze, speculate, debate, experiment, build and test ideas for their solutions.  And maybe even rethink the goals.   The hero-based command and control model  doesn’t work when the problems are complex.  It’s much more useful when you know exactly what needs to be done and just have to execute (i.e. an aid airlift).

As it turns out the political, business and academic worlds make it very difficult to assemble a truly diverse set of minds.  Our societies put skill sets in silos and protect them with hard earned credentials that filter out the non-cognoscenti…the riff raff.

So, being able to “harness” the appropriately diverse minds is an art form.

One of the most common ways to do that is to convene a group.  But getting the right people to come and creating an environment that overcomes the barriers to collaboration is really difficult.   In the world of opera the person who can do that is known as an impresario.  They can recruit and manage multiple divas.  In other worlds, they are collaborative leaders.

The medical world I have lived in, of surgeons, specialists, department chairmen and a host of supporting cast is very much like the opera.  The symbols of power and control are rampant.  Learning to lead as “host,” not “hero,” can produce far better and longer lasting results.  Thank you Meg.

The Collaboration Paradox: Some Tactics for Getting Things Right

A proposed book by John Abele – Part 2

What’s critical to any creative collaboration, is that it begins with a goal but no blueprint to follow, because much will be discovered during the process.  Each individual is expected to share any of his or her knowledge, opinions, and discoveries that will help to achieve the group’s common goal. What’s most surprising about the lack of success with these endeavors is that we have an ever-expanding array of tools that can enhance collaboration, such as Wikis, search engines, smart phones, and social networks.  The reasons that collaborations fail, however, involve those crucial soft ingredients—behaviors and mindset.

The most important point is that collaboration is a mindset, not a set of steps.   So, while I can recommend steps, and give examples of how they have worked, people will need to shoot for the mindset and try different approaches depending on the situation.

I like to call this mental attitude the “collaborative state.” Helping groups reach that state depends on the mix of people involved, the work done to prepare for the collaboration, and the characteristics of whoever is leading the effort.

The first feature that will decide whether a collaboration fails or succeeds is the choice of collaborators. Many people want the most prestigious and intelligent people they can find, but in fact, it’s more important to get a diverse mix of people who represent different perspectives, skills, and mindsets. Diversity reduces groupthink and amplifies the variety of input.

Then, to get that group to truly work together, the leader must create a unique environment of openness, trust, candor, risk taking, astute awareness, and of sensitivity to the various personalities involved. There must be a clear set of rules for how to act so that people feel safe about expressing their views.  But the participants shouldn’t feel too safe; in fact, it helps to keep them slightly off balance, even a bit uncomfortable, so that they are open to the unexpected and willing to be unorthodox if that’s what is necessary to get to the answers the group needs. The participants must be engaged from the beginning, and that requires a lot of preparation and “stage setting.”

Most importantly, the leader or moderator must have impresario-like skills, so that he or she can make certain that every voice is heard, that people are comfortable sharing all their ideas, and that the overall process maximizes the likelihood that the very best ideas will get approved— not just those of the most powerful participants. The leader’s most important tasks include managing divas and helping less well-known participants to shine.

Getting to the “collaborative state” takes a lot of planning and work behind the scenes, in clarifying the goals, setting the stage, drawing up the list of participants, grooming them for the process, and then overseeing the collaboration.  Many of the tactics that help create that environment are counter-intuitive.  For example, leaders need to cede control – in order to gain control – another paradox. They must also carefully manage the personalities in the group and set an example to show that everyone will be treated fairly and given a voice, and that creative ideas are welcomed. Group leaders must also work against “the system” to make it clear that in this particular setting bullying, patronizing, and relentless self-promotion are considered counter-productive.  If the right steps are followed, and a group does reach peak collaboration, amazing things can happen.   

We invite you to share with us:

What have your experiences been?  

Are you a collaboration leader? 

Would you like to participate in a collaboration forum?

The Collaboration Paradox: Why so many leaders sabotage their own collaborations

A proposed book by John Abele – Part 1

Collaboration is one of those things everyone thinks they understand, but very few actually do. True, some types of collaboration are natural or easy to learn, but the highest, most valuable kind, where everybody in the group is thinking creatively and sharing openly is extremely rare.  Now, in the era of Web 2.0, a wave of new collaboration tools are being unleashed so that even more and bigger collaborations are being announced daily. But most people won’t get much value out of these exciting new tools if they don’t pay attention to the crucial soft ingredients — the behaviors and mindset — needed to make collaboration really work.

From the time we start school and throughout our careers, we are taught and rewarded for the very traits that make it difficult for us to collaborate effectively. This situation is compounded by the way we teach leaders to rigorously assert control as often as possible so their authority is constantly being reinforced. Controlling people is the opposite of collaborating with them.  As a result, most leaders of collaborations are doing exactly the wrong things when they bring people together to collaborate, and the other people involved in those projects are essentially programmed to derail or resist collaboration.  This is The Collaboration Paradox.

In ”creative” collaborations, it is not just a matter of people pitching in what they know; the goal is to extrapolate beyond the group’s collective knowledge. As mentioned earlier, the skills we are taught to be the most important for success are actually collaboration busters.  In school, at work, and everywhere we are shown that success comes through self promotion and devotion to our own “kind,” whether it is a department, professional field, or political viewpoint.  Young athletes are taught to win at all costs and to celebrate “crushing” their opponents. There are precious few role models who celebrate victory without also celebrating “defeat of the enemy.”  When these same traits are allowed to dominate a collaboration, it becomes a very negative experience.  Only a few participants have any real say.  The rest feel intimidated or exploited, and as if their time is being wasted.  This type of “hollow” collaboration happens so much, that many people are very skeptical about collaborating. In particular, they may have the following fears, which inhibit them from really contributing:

•    Their best ideas will be stolen.

•    Their weaknesses will be highlighted.

•    There will be a hidden agenda.

•    The participants will have such different ideas that they’ll never agree on anything.

•    Certain individuals or camps will dominate.

Too often, creative collaborations become a pseudo collaborations.  They sound good, but are totally hollow.  With so many parts, players, and egos involved, simply managing the political aspects of such projects is challenging enough, let alone integrating the results into anything actionable.   In the end, the organizers may make glowing reference to the long list of divas they assembled, but often they have little to show for that effort and almost certainly nothing really new has come from it.

Check out today’s nytlogo152x23for an example of how collaboration and information sharing has lead to a recent breakthrough in Alzheimer’s.

Stay tuned – next week we will look at some tips and strategies to maximize the incredible potential of creative collaborations.

Collaborative Technology & The Knowledge Worker

The heart of what knowledge workers do on the job is collaborate, which in general means they interact to solve problems, serve customers, engage with partners, and nurture new ideas in sectors ranging from scientific research to line level problem solving.  In some sectors knowledge workers can account for up to 75% of the workforce, but we still don’t have adequate metrics to improve its efficiency and minimize the ‘wasted’ time inherent to knowledge work.

The recent influx of both commercial and open source collaborative technology solutions when used by knowledge workers has the potential to improve efficiency and add an element of quantitative metrics to measure success in an industry that has to this point been subjective.  There is potential for sizeable gains from even modest improvements of access to web 2.0 tools such as social networks, wikis, and video conferencing.  Both Cisco Systems and Procter and Gamble have employed this strategy with their international enterprise sales teams and have seen a significant improvement in productivity.

Now comes the important part –  in order to be really effective leaders must consider the behavioral and structural requirements of their industry first by understanding the capabilities their own knowledge workers need to increase their productivity, and not tailor their processes to accomodate the capabilities new technologies provide.  This may mean that out of the box solutions are not appropriate for your organization and require customization.  Like any other product or service; not all collaborations are created equal!

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Click on the image to check out McKinsey & Companies interactive tool to assess what collaborative tools are most appropriate for each class of worker!
(Using technology to improve workforce collaboration, James Manyika, Kara Sprague and Lareina Yee, 27 October 2009)

Transparency

Transparency is viewed by many as the solution to several of the world’s problems.   Indeed a common explanation for disputes is that they result from an imbalance of information between the two sides.   If we could have more transparency, some say, than we would all have the same facts and a lot of these disagreements would melt away.    But having information and being able to use that information effectively are two separate issues.   The first is about access which is certainly being expanded greatly with search engines and the internet.  The second issue, however, is about education, context and perspective which transparency doesn’t address.   Being able to interpret facts and perform critical analysis is a learned skill that a great many people don’t have.   In the movie “A Few Good Men”, Jack Nicholson’s renegade soldier on the witness stand responds to Tom Cruise, the  military prosecutor, who asked the witness to “tell the truth”.    Nicholson’s answer: “You can’t handle the truth”.  He was referring, of course, to the fact that no person without battle experience can understand what really happens on the front lines.  That lack of experience or lack of education in battle, or in life, can be exploited.   And a large industry exists to take advantage of the “opportunities” which that lack makes possible.  Advertising, marketing, public relations all exist to “help” those without the interest and/or ability to understand the subtleties of political issues,  product comparisons and many other things in life.  It’s a lage force in our society.  It can change elections,  move products and get generals fired.

As a result, transparency is a very sharp double edged sword.  Although it sounds simple and “honest” to “do the right thing”, it requires enormous delicacy and skill to describe events or actions in a way that can be understood objectively by all.  Emotional baggage colors our understanding of all news and information.  And, of course, “news people” are trained to put a spin on things.   They can interpret in imaginative ways and generally create a news item out of something that fits the ideology of what they are trying to promote.   Whether that is distortion or objective reporting may depend upon the politics of the reader as well as the writer.  “Transparency” today may better refer to the fact that it is much more difficult to keep anything secret.   Ubiquitous camera phones document events that governments and businesses would have rather kept private.  With a bit of creativity they can  also be used to mislead and misinform.  These are collaborations of a different sort…no less complex than truly newsworthy ones, but  frequently with a self serving goal in mind.

A crisis can create interesting dynamics for public and private collaborations. When BP’s Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, then collapsed and began gushing oil into the Gulf of Mexico, the disaster quickly escalated into one of the worst environmental accidents in history.  As the company worked feverishly to plug the gusher and clean up the oil spreading around the Gulf, a “Deepwater Horizon Response” Facebook page was established, garnering tens of thousands of members within weeks.   While becoming a member of such a group usually means you are a “fan” or “friend”, the Deepwater Horizon Response page featured comments from more people who were incensed by the spill as “supporters” of BP.   While it may have seemed like a risky strategy, BP may have gained points for creating a public forum, and for allowing both “pro” and “con” participants.  And it let BP know how people were responding to the myriad of news from many sources.  Transparency is often regarded as extremely risky, but in this new age of camera phones and social media, secrecy may be much riskier.  Don’t forget, though, it’s not what you do that counts so much as how you do it.

To Facilitate or Not to facilitate?

So often the question that plagues meeting designers is whether their session be it strategic planning, product development or otherwise would benefit from an unbiased outside facilitator.

And the answer of course is: it depends on the conditions.

One of our Kingbridge Meeting Design Advisors recently encountered an example of this while running a collaborative technology session with a group working on their strategic plan.
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For the first half of the meeting the internal facilitators had worked with a core group to do the preperatory analysis prior to the idea generation phase where they would utilize decision support technology to leverage the collective.  When the idea generation phase arrived so did a few additions to the group represented by some very high level and influential members of the company. 

It quickly became apparent to both the comany’s facilitators and the Meeting Design Advisor, who was guiding the use of the technology, that one of the new group members had a very dominant personality and was unintentionally stifling the creativity and openess of the group. 

In this instance the facilitators turned to the Meeting Design Advisor (MDA) to help get the group re-engaged.  As an unbiased and unconnected member of the group the MDA was able to intervene.  When the dominant personality would begin to pontificate the MDA respectfully interjected with “So if I am hearing you correctly, you believe that………….. and that the correct course of action would be to…………”  Once the statement had been approved and the speaker validated that their point was clear, there was then a focused opportunity to engage the rest of the group. 

The moral of this story is that there is a reason why the first step for planning an effective meeting is to “know the audience” and plan accordingly.  When there weren’t any dominant personalities or pontificators in the session to stifle the creativity the internal facilitators were able to channel the group effectively.  However, you throw a few senior staff members with strong personalities in the mix and the challenge of moderating conversation often becomes more difficult for internal team members than an unbiased outsider.

So, next time you are planning a session consider your audience, not just their positions but their personalities and the way they react under the pressure of a difficult conversation.  Only then will you be able to answer the question of whether ‘to facilitate or not to facilitate’.

Calling all Healthcare Collaborators

kingbridge_article_img_7As a pioneer and leader in the field of less invasive medicine I have spent over four decades working across many medical disciplines trying to overcome the biases inherent in clinical medicine and disruptive change. Out of this process a number of innovative collaboration technology tools and strategies have emerged.

LibraryMy passion for continuing to research how collective intelligence can give way to collective capability that brings about significant change inspired me to purchase The Kingbridge Centre as a laboratory and resource for pursuing this effort.  My vision for this centre is to create a neutral place where leaders from diverse sectors with different backgrounds can mutually explore effective experiences as well as doing post mortems on unsuccessful ones.

I believe the most significant advances in healthcare will require collaborations between business, government, non-government organizations and academia to improve individual and collective efforts for evolving health systems nationally and globally.

I would like to begin to build a community of collaborative minded professionals by hosting/sponsoring a few interactive forums at Kingbridge this year.  If you are interested in being a part of these forums and have a past successful or unsuccessful collaboration experience to share please contact me either through a comment on this forum or at institute@kingbridge.com.

John Abele